Common onDelete Options

Option	Behavior
cascade	Deletes child records when the parent is deleted
set null	Sets the foreign key to NULL when the parent is deleted
set default	Sets the foreign key to its default value when the parent is deleted
restrict	Prevents deletion of the parent if child records exist
no action	Similar to restrict (behavior is database-dependent)

---

Defining a Table

export const users = pgTable("users", {
  id: serial("id").primaryKey(),
  email: text("email").notNull().unique(),
  name: text("name"),
  isActive: boolean("is_active").default(true),
  role: text("role").$type<"admin" | "user">().default("user"),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").defaultNow(),
});

---

Queries

Select All

const allUsers = await db.select().from(users);

Select Specific Columns

const userEmails = await db
  .select({ id: users.id, email: users.email })
  .from(users);

Filtering with where

import { eq, gt, and, or } from "drizzle-orm";

const result = await db
  .select()
  .from(users)
  .where(eq(users.email, "alice@example.com"));

const activeAdmins = await db
  .select()
  .from(users)
  .where(and(eq(users.role, "admin"), eq(users.isActive, true)));

Joins

const usersWithPosts = await db
  .select()
  .from(users)
  .leftJoin(posts, eq(users.id, posts.userId));

---

Insert

await db.insert(users).values({
  email: "bob@example.com",
  name: "Bob",
});

Insert and Return

Returns the inserted row, saving a second query to fetch the ID.

const [newUser] = await db
  .insert(users)
  .values({ email: "charlie@example.com" })
  .returning();

// Return specific fields only
const [newId] = await db
  .insert(users)
  .values({ email: "dave@example.com" })
  .returning({ insertedId: users.id });

---

Update

await db
  .update(users)
  .set({ isActive: false, name: "Updated Name" })
  .where(eq(users.id, 1))
  .returning(); // Optional: see the updated row

---

Delete

await db.delete(users).where(eq(users.id, 1));